Most modern WiFi gateways employ Wireless 802.11 N technology. 802.11 WiFi comes in many flavors but the good news is that Wireless N adapters are all backwards compatible with the previous standards as well, so purchasing a compatible adapter is relatively simple.
When purchasing, look for a WiFi adapter that makes the connection by USB and at least supports 802.11 N for your operating system. This is the easiest method for adding WiFi to your desktop. You will not have to open the PC and install any expansion cards, a simple plug in device in a free USB port is all you need.
For the best possible throughput for your gateway consider a "dual band" adapter. What that means is that in addition to being able to receive signals broadcast at the typical 2.4 Ghz WiFi band it can also receive signals at 5 Ghz if your gateway supports it. Dual band adapters are only a few dollars premium and ensure that you have something that should perform well in a variety of scenarios.
One great example is the TP-Link TL-WDN4200. It supports Windows XP, Vista, 7, 8 and 8.1 in 32 and 64 bit flavors. If you are running a different operating system, make sure to check the adapter manufacturer for compatibility prior to purchase.http://www.tp-link.com/en/products/details/cat-11_TL-WDN4200.html#overview
Upon unpacking your new USB wireless adapter you will see an installation CD. Run that prior to plugging the adapter in. The CD will install the necessary software and drivers for your adapter.
Once the software is installed you will simply plug the adapter into an open USB port on your desktop. Make sure it is at least rated for USB 2.0 to allow enough throughput for best performance from your internet connection. (most modern desktop computers purchased in the last ten years will).
Once plugged in you should see a list of available networks. The names are referred to as the "SSID". If you do not know the SSID for your gateway, typically it is written on a label somewhere on the gateway. Find your SSID broadcast name and select it from the list of available wireless networks.
At this point your operating system should ask you for a network key. Most internet service providers have a default WPA2 key written on a label on the gateway/router. Enter that key and check the box that says "Automatically connect" so you don't have to enter it each time you want to access your internet. If you have trouble finding your WPA2 security key, call your ISP for assistance.
Assuming you selected the correct network SSID and entered the proper WPA/WPA2 key from your ISP you should be able to open a browser window and confirm you are back online! If you want to see your wireless performance to the internet you can check with WWW.SpeedTest.net
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